Testování vybraných charakteristik výzkumných nástrojů pro zjišťování afektivní dimenze environmentální gramotnosti žáků 2. stupně ZŠ

Silvie Svobodová

doi:10.14712/18047106.1319

Vol. 10 No. 2 (2019): SciED Research Reports

The Testing of Selected Characteristics of Research Tools by way of Determining the Affective Dimension of Environmental Literacy of Second Graders at Primary School

Silvie Svobodová,

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14712/18047106.1319

pdf (Czech)

How to Cite

Svobodová, S. (2020). The Testing of Selected Characteristics of Research Tools by way of Determining the Affective Dimension of Environmental Literacy of Second Graders at Primary School. Scientia in Educatione, 10(2), 80-102. https://doi.org/10.14712/18047106.1319

Download Citation

Abstract

The affective dimension of environmental literacy represents the component that has been the most important attention in the last years in the field of environmental literacy testing both abroad and in our country. The most widely used tools are NEP (New Environmental Paradigm), 2-MEV (2 Major Environmental Values), NRS (Nature relatedness scale), and MSELS (Middle School Environmental Literacy Survey). The study presents the results of testing these instruments. It describes their psychometric properties, reliability and validity, and analyzes the impact of demographic variables (gender, age, age, size of residence) on environmental attitudes of of 12–15 years old pupils. The target group were 12–15 years old pupils across the Czech Republic. The reliability and validity of all instruments has been proven. The Cronbach alpha coefficient reached acceptable values (α> 0.7). Content and construct validity was discussed in the context of a number of previously published research. In the case of MSELS, the construct validity was confirmed separately, and for the remaining instruments, simultaneous criterion validity. Analysis of the impact of variables has brought contradictory findings. The relation of individual variables to the degree of affective dimension was significant only in some of them, especially in the 2-MEV and MSELS. Based on the results, it can be stated that these are unstable factors in relation to the affective dimension of environmental literacy of 12–15 years old pupils. Tested tools, however, can be recommended to measure the construct for a given target group.

References

Bezouška, A. & Činčera, J. (2007). Vliv environmentální profilace středních škol na proenvironmentální postoje a jednání studentů. Envigogika, 2(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.14712/18023061.20 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Bílek, M. & Schmutzerová, L. (2010). Jak hodnotili čeští patnáctiletí žáci základních škol a studenti víceletých gymnázií environmentální problémy. Envigogika, 5(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.14712/18023061.54 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Bogner, F.X., Johnson, B., Buxner, S. & Felix, L. (2015). The 2-MEV model: Constancy of adolescent environmental values within an 8year time frame. International Journal of Science Education, 37(12), 1938-1952. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2015.1058988 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Bragg, R., Wood, C., Barton, J. & Pretty, J. (2013). Measuring connection to nature in children aged 8–12: A robust methodology for the RSPB. Germany: University of Essen. Search in Google Scholar
Činčera, J. & Štěpánek, P. (2007). Výzkum ekologické gramotnosti studentů středních odborných škol. Envigogika, 2(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.14712/18023061.12 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Činčera, J. & Johnson, B. (2013). Earthkeepers in the Czech Republic: Experience from the implementation process of an earth education programme. Envigogika, 8(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.14712/18023061.397 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Daniš, P. (2013). Nové vymezení environmentální gramotnosti a návrh na její mezinárodní testování v PISA 2015. Envigogika, 8(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.14712/18023061.419 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Davidson, D. J. & Freudenburg, W.R. (1996). Gender and environmental risk concerns: A review and analysis of available research. Environment and Behavior, 28(3), 302–339. Search in Google Scholar
Dunlap, R.E., van Liere, K.D., Mertig, A.G. & Jones, R.E. (2000). New trends in measuring environmental attitudes: Measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: A revised NEP scale. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00176 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Grúňová, M., Sané, M., Čincera, J., Kroufek, R. & Hejcmanová, P. (2018). Reliability of the new environmental paradigm for analysing the environmental attitudes of Senegalese pupils in the context of conservation education projects. Environmental Education Research, 25(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2018.1428942 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Hendl, J. (2012). Přehled statistických metod. Praha: Portál. Search in Google Scholar
Hollweg, K. S., Taylor, J.R., Bybee, R.W., Marcinkowski, T. J., McBeth, W.C. & Zoido, P. (2011). Developing a framevork for assessing environmental literacy. Washington, DC: North American Association for Environmental Education. Search in Google Scholar
Hromádka, Z. (2010). Životní prostředí ve vědomostech, postojích a jednání žáků druhého stupně základní školy [Disertační práce]. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, Pedagogická fakulta. Search in Google Scholar
Huddart-Kennedy, E., Beckley, T.M. & McFarlane and Solange Nadeau, B. L. (2009). Rural–Urban Differences in environmental concern in Canada. Rural Sociology, 74(3), 309–329. Search in Google Scholar
Hungerford, H.R. & Tomera, A.N. (1977). Science in the elementary school. Champaign: Stipes Publishing. Search in Google Scholar
Chytrý, V. & Kroufek, R. (2017). Možnosti využití Likertovy škály – základní principy aplikace v pedagogickém výzkumu a demonstrace na příkladu zjišťování vztahu člověka k přírodě. Scientia in educatione, 8(1), 1–16. Search in Google Scholar
Illner, M. (2006). Velikost obci, efektivita jejich správy a lokální demokracie. In Z. Vajdova, Z. Čermak & M. Illner (1990), Autonomie a spolupráce: důsledky ustavení obecního zřízení v roce 1990. Praha: Sociologicky ustav akademie věd. Search in Google Scholar
Johnson, B. & Manoli, C.C. (2011). The 2-MEV scale in the US: A measure of children‘ s environmental attitudes based on the theory of ecological attitude. Journal of Environmental Education, 42(2), 84–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2010.503716 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Kroufek, R. (2016). Environmentální gramotnost studentů Učitelství pro 1. stupeň základní školy a možnosti jejího zjišťování [Disertační práce]. PF JU, České Budějovice. Search in Google Scholar
Kruskal, W. H. & Wallis, A. (1952). Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 47(260), 583–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1952.10483441 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
La Trobe, H. L. & Acott, T. G. (2000). A modified NEP/DSP environmental attitudes scale. The Journal of Environmental Education, 32(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958960009598667 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Liefländer, A.K. & Bogner, F.X. (2014). The effects of children‘ s age and sex on acquiring pro-environmental attitudes through environmental education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 45(2), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2013.875511 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Mann, H. B. & Whitney, D.R. (1947). On a test of whether one or two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18(1), 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177730491 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
McBeth, W. & Volk, T. L. (2010). The national environmental literacy project: A baseline study of middle grade students in the United States. The Journal of Search in Google Scholar
Environmental Education, 41(1), 55–67. Search in Google Scholar
McBeth, W., Hungerford, H., Marcinkowski, T., Volk, T. L. & Meyers, R. (2008). National environmental literacy assessment project: Year 1, national baseline study of middle grades students final research report. U.S.: Environmental Protection Agency. Search in Google Scholar
McBeth, W., Hungerford, H., Marcinkowski, T., Volk, T. L. & Cifranick, K. (2011). The national environmental literacy assessment, phase two: Measuring the effectiveness of North American environmental education programs with respect to the parameters of environmental literacy. NOAA. Search in Google Scholar
McBride, B. B., Brewer, C. A., Berkowitz, A.R. & Borrrie, W.T. (2013). Environmental literacy, ecological literacy, ecoliteracy: What do we mean and how did we get here? Ecosphere, 4(5), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00075.1 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
McGartland Rubio, D. (2005). Alpha Reliability. In K. Kempf-Leonard (ed.), Encyclopedia of social Mmeasurement (59–63). Elsveir. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-369398-5/00395-9 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Nisbet, E.K. (2013). Results of the David Suzuki foundation 30 × 30 nature challenge English survey. David Suzuki Foundation. Search in Google Scholar
Nisbet, E.K., Zelenski, J.M. & Murphy, S.A. (2009). The Nature relatedness scale. Linking individuals‘ connection with nature to environmental concern and behavior. Environment and Behavior, 41(5), 715–740. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916508318748 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Nisbet, E.K. & Zelenski, J.M. (2011). Underestimating nearby nature: Affective forecasting errors obscure the happy path to sustainability. Psychological Science, 22(9), 1101–1106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611418527 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Ogunbode, Ch. A. & Arnold, K. (2012). A study of environmental awareness and attitudes in Ibadan, Nigeria. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 18(3), 669–684. Search in Google Scholar
Ogunbode, Ch. A. (2013). The NEP scale: Measuring ecological attitudes/worldviews in an African Ccontext. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 15(6), 1477–1494. Search in Google Scholar
Petrusek, M. (2009). Základy sociologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Akademie veřejné správy o. p. s. Search in Google Scholar
Roth, C.E. (1968). On the road to conservation. Massachusetts Audubon. Search in Google Scholar
Roth, C.E. (1992). Environmental literacy: Its roots, evolution, and directions in the 1990s. Columbus: ERIC Clearingouse for Science, Mathematics and Environmental Education. Search in Google Scholar
Sakellari, M. & Skanavis, C. (2013). Environmental behavior and gender: An emerging area of concern for environmental education research. Applied Environmental Education & Communication, 12(2), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/1533015X.2013.820633 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Sekaran, U. (1992). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Wiley. Search in Google Scholar
Shapiro, S. S. & Wilk, M.B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52(3 & 4), 591–611. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/52.3-4.591 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Shoukri, M.M. & Edge, V. L. (1996). Statistical methods for health sciences. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Search in Google Scholar
Schovajsová, J. (2010). Současný stav environmentální výchovy na základních školách – vybrané aspekty environmentální gramotnosti dětí mladšího školního věku [Disertační práce]. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého, Pedagogická fakulta. Search in Google Scholar
Spearman, C. (1904). The proof and measurement of association between two things. The American Journal of Psychology, 15(1), 72–101. https://doi.org/10.2307/1412159 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Statsoft. (2018). Statistica 12. Dostupné z http://www.statsoft.cz/ Search in Google Scholar
Stevenson, K.T., Peterson, M. N., Bondell, H. D., Mertig, A. G. & Moore, S.E. (2013). Environmental, institutional, and demographic predictors of environmental literacy among middle school children. PLoS ONE, 8(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059519 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Stevenson, K.T., Carrier, S. J. & Peterson, M.N. (2014). Evaluating strategies for inclusion of environmental literacy in the elementary school classroom. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 18(8), 1–17. Search in Google Scholar
Svobodová, S. (2017). Vliv vybraných proměnných na environmentální gramotnost žáků 2. stupně základní školy. Envigogika, 12(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.14712/18023061.539 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Svobodová, S. & Kroufek, R. (2016). Environmentální gramotnost žáků 2. stupně v Žatci – výzkumná sonda. Envigogika, 11(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.14712/18023061.514 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Škoda, J. & Doulík, P. (2007). Tvorba a hodnocení didaktických testů: cvičebnice pro studenty učitelství a účastníky kurzu DPS. Ústí nad Labem: UJEP. Search in Google Scholar
Tavakol, M. & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach‘ s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2011(2), 53–55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Tindall, D. B., Davies, S. & Mauboules, C. (2003). Activism and conservation behavior in an environmental movement: The contradictory effects of gender. Society and Natural Resources, 16(10), 909–932. Search in Google Scholar
Vágnerová, M. (2005). Vývojová psychologie 1. 1. vyd. Praha: Karolinum. Search in Google Scholar
Van Liere, K.D. & Dunlap, R.E. (1980). The social bases of environmental concern: A review of hypotheses, explanations and empirical evidence. Public Opinion Quarterly, 44(2), 181–197. Search in Google Scholar
Volk, T., Hungerford, H.R. & Tomera, A.N. (1984). A national survey of curriculum needs as perceived by professional environmental educators. Journal of Environmental Education, 16(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1984.9942696 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Zelenski, J.M. & Nisbet, E.K. (2014). Happiness and feeling connected: The distinct role of nature relatedness. Environment and Behavior, 46(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916512451901 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Zelenski, J.M., Dopko, R. L. & Capaldi, C.A. (2015). Cooperation is in our nature: Nature exporusre may promote cooperative and environmentally sustainable behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 42(6), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.01.005 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar
Zelezny, L.C., Chua, P. P. & Aldrich, C. (2000). New ways of thinking about environmentalism: elaborating on gender differences in environmentalism. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 443–457. Search in Google Scholar

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

[1] Bezouška, A. & Činčera, J. (2007). Vliv environmentální profilace středních škol na proenvironmentální postoje a jednání studentů. Envigogika, 2(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.14712/18023061.20 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[2] Bílek, M. & Schmutzerová, L. (2010). Jak hodnotili čeští patnáctiletí žáci základních škol a studenti víceletých gymnázií environmentální problémy. Envigogika, 5(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.14712/18023061.54 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[3] Bogner, F.X., Johnson, B., Buxner, S. & Felix, L. (2015). The 2-MEV model: Constancy of adolescent environmental values within an 8year time frame. International Journal of Science Education, 37(12), 1938-1952. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2015.1058988 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[4] Bragg, R., Wood, C., Barton, J. & Pretty, J. (2013). Measuring connection to nature in children aged 8–12: A robust methodology for the RSPB. Germany: University of Essen. Search in Google Scholar

[5] Činčera, J. & Štěpánek, P. (2007). Výzkum ekologické gramotnosti studentů středních odborných škol. Envigogika, 2(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.14712/18023061.12 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[6] Činčera, J. & Johnson, B. (2013). Earthkeepers in the Czech Republic: Experience from the implementation process of an earth education programme. Envigogika, 8(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.14712/18023061.397 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[7] Daniš, P. (2013). Nové vymezení environmentální gramotnosti a návrh na její mezinárodní testování v PISA 2015. Envigogika, 8(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.14712/18023061.419 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[8] Davidson, D. J. & Freudenburg, W.R. (1996). Gender and environmental risk concerns: A review and analysis of available research. Environment and Behavior, 28(3), 302–339. Search in Google Scholar

[9] Dunlap, R.E., van Liere, K.D., Mertig, A.G. & Jones, R.E. (2000). New trends in measuring environmental attitudes: Measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: A revised NEP scale. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00176 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[10] Grúňová, M., Sané, M., Čincera, J., Kroufek, R. & Hejcmanová, P. (2018). Reliability of the new environmental paradigm for analysing the environmental attitudes of Senegalese pupils in the context of conservation education projects. Environmental Education Research, 25(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2018.1428942 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[11] Hendl, J. (2012). Přehled statistických metod. Praha: Portál. Search in Google Scholar

[12] Hollweg, K. S., Taylor, J.R., Bybee, R.W., Marcinkowski, T. J., McBeth, W.C. & Zoido, P. (2011). Developing a framevork for assessing environmental literacy. Washington, DC: North American Association for Environmental Education. Search in Google Scholar

[13] Hromádka, Z. (2010). Životní prostředí ve vědomostech, postojích a jednání žáků druhého stupně základní školy [Disertační práce]. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, Pedagogická fakulta. Search in Google Scholar

[14] Huddart-Kennedy, E., Beckley, T.M. & McFarlane and Solange Nadeau, B. L. (2009). Rural–Urban Differences in environmental concern in Canada. Rural Sociology, 74(3), 309–329. Search in Google Scholar

[15] Hungerford, H.R. & Tomera, A.N. (1977). Science in the elementary school. Champaign: Stipes Publishing. Search in Google Scholar

[16] Chytrý, V. & Kroufek, R. (2017). Možnosti využití Likertovy škály – základní principy aplikace v pedagogickém výzkumu a demonstrace na příkladu zjišťování vztahu člověka k přírodě. Scientia in educatione, 8(1), 1–16. Search in Google Scholar

[17] Illner, M. (2006). Velikost obci, efektivita jejich správy a lokální demokracie. In Z. Vajdova, Z. Čermak & M. Illner (1990), Autonomie a spolupráce: důsledky ustavení obecního zřízení v roce 1990. Praha: Sociologicky ustav akademie věd. Search in Google Scholar

[18] Johnson, B. & Manoli, C.C. (2011). The 2-MEV scale in the US: A measure of children‘ s environmental attitudes based on the theory of ecological attitude. Journal of Environmental Education, 42(2), 84–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2010.503716 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[19] Kroufek, R. (2016). Environmentální gramotnost studentů Učitelství pro 1. stupeň základní školy a možnosti jejího zjišťování [Disertační práce]. PF JU, České Budějovice. Search in Google Scholar

[20] Kruskal, W. H. & Wallis, A. (1952). Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 47(260), 583–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1952.10483441 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[21] La Trobe, H. L. & Acott, T. G. (2000). A modified NEP/DSP environmental attitudes scale. The Journal of Environmental Education, 32(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958960009598667 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[22] Liefländer, A.K. & Bogner, F.X. (2014). The effects of children‘ s age and sex on acquiring pro-environmental attitudes through environmental education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 45(2), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2013.875511 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[23] Mann, H. B. & Whitney, D.R. (1947). On a test of whether one or two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18(1), 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177730491 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[24] McBeth, W. & Volk, T. L. (2010). The national environmental literacy project: A baseline study of middle grade students in the United States. The Journal of Search in Google Scholar

[25] Environmental Education, 41(1), 55–67. Search in Google Scholar

[26] McBeth, W., Hungerford, H., Marcinkowski, T., Volk, T. L. & Meyers, R. (2008). National environmental literacy assessment project: Year 1, national baseline study of middle grades students final research report. U.S.: Environmental Protection Agency. Search in Google Scholar

[27] McBeth, W., Hungerford, H., Marcinkowski, T., Volk, T. L. & Cifranick, K. (2011). The national environmental literacy assessment, phase two: Measuring the effectiveness of North American environmental education programs with respect to the parameters of environmental literacy. NOAA. Search in Google Scholar

[28] McBride, B. B., Brewer, C. A., Berkowitz, A.R. & Borrrie, W.T. (2013). Environmental literacy, ecological literacy, ecoliteracy: What do we mean and how did we get here? Ecosphere, 4(5), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00075.1 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[29] McGartland Rubio, D. (2005). Alpha Reliability. In K. Kempf-Leonard (ed.), Encyclopedia of social Mmeasurement (59–63). Elsveir. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-369398-5/00395-9 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[30] Nisbet, E.K. (2013). Results of the David Suzuki foundation 30 × 30 nature challenge English survey. David Suzuki Foundation. Search in Google Scholar

[31] Nisbet, E.K., Zelenski, J.M. & Murphy, S.A. (2009). The Nature relatedness scale. Linking individuals‘ connection with nature to environmental concern and behavior. Environment and Behavior, 41(5), 715–740. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916508318748 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[32] Nisbet, E.K. & Zelenski, J.M. (2011). Underestimating nearby nature: Affective forecasting errors obscure the happy path to sustainability. Psychological Science, 22(9), 1101–1106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611418527 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[33] Ogunbode, Ch. A. & Arnold, K. (2012). A study of environmental awareness and attitudes in Ibadan, Nigeria. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 18(3), 669–684. Search in Google Scholar

[34] Ogunbode, Ch. A. (2013). The NEP scale: Measuring ecological attitudes/worldviews in an African Ccontext. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 15(6), 1477–1494. Search in Google Scholar

[35] Petrusek, M. (2009). Základy sociologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Akademie veřejné správy o. p. s. Search in Google Scholar

[36] Roth, C.E. (1968). On the road to conservation. Massachusetts Audubon. Search in Google Scholar

[37] Roth, C.E. (1992). Environmental literacy: Its roots, evolution, and directions in the 1990s. Columbus: ERIC Clearingouse for Science, Mathematics and Environmental Education. Search in Google Scholar

[38] Sakellari, M. & Skanavis, C. (2013). Environmental behavior and gender: An emerging area of concern for environmental education research. Applied Environmental Education & Communication, 12(2), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/1533015X.2013.820633 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[39] Sekaran, U. (1992). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Wiley. Search in Google Scholar

[40] Shapiro, S. S. & Wilk, M.B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52(3 & 4), 591–611. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/52.3-4.591 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[41] Shoukri, M.M. & Edge, V. L. (1996). Statistical methods for health sciences. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Search in Google Scholar

[42] Schovajsová, J. (2010). Současný stav environmentální výchovy na základních školách – vybrané aspekty environmentální gramotnosti dětí mladšího školního věku [Disertační práce]. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého, Pedagogická fakulta. Search in Google Scholar

[43] Spearman, C. (1904). The proof and measurement of association between two things. The American Journal of Psychology, 15(1), 72–101. https://doi.org/10.2307/1412159 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[44] Statsoft. (2018). Statistica 12. Dostupné z http://www.statsoft.cz/ Search in Google Scholar

[45] Stevenson, K.T., Peterson, M. N., Bondell, H. D., Mertig, A. G. & Moore, S.E. (2013). Environmental, institutional, and demographic predictors of environmental literacy among middle school children. PLoS ONE, 8(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059519 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[46] Stevenson, K.T., Carrier, S. J. & Peterson, M.N. (2014). Evaluating strategies for inclusion of environmental literacy in the elementary school classroom. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 18(8), 1–17. Search in Google Scholar

[47] Svobodová, S. (2017). Vliv vybraných proměnných na environmentální gramotnost žáků 2. stupně základní školy. Envigogika, 12(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.14712/18023061.539 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[48] Svobodová, S. & Kroufek, R. (2016). Environmentální gramotnost žáků 2. stupně v Žatci – výzkumná sonda. Envigogika, 11(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.14712/18023061.514 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[49] Škoda, J. & Doulík, P. (2007). Tvorba a hodnocení didaktických testů: cvičebnice pro studenty učitelství a účastníky kurzu DPS. Ústí nad Labem: UJEP. Search in Google Scholar

[50] Tavakol, M. & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach‘ s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2011(2), 53–55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[51] Tindall, D. B., Davies, S. & Mauboules, C. (2003). Activism and conservation behavior in an environmental movement: The contradictory effects of gender. Society and Natural Resources, 16(10), 909–932. Search in Google Scholar

[52] Vágnerová, M. (2005). Vývojová psychologie 1. 1. vyd. Praha: Karolinum. Search in Google Scholar

[53] Van Liere, K.D. & Dunlap, R.E. (1980). The social bases of environmental concern: A review of hypotheses, explanations and empirical evidence. Public Opinion Quarterly, 44(2), 181–197. Search in Google Scholar

[54] Volk, T., Hungerford, H.R. & Tomera, A.N. (1984). A national survey of curriculum needs as perceived by professional environmental educators. Journal of Environmental Education, 16(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1984.9942696 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[55] Zelenski, J.M. & Nisbet, E.K. (2014). Happiness and feeling connected: The distinct role of nature relatedness. Environment and Behavior, 46(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916512451901 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[56] Zelenski, J.M., Dopko, R. L. & Capaldi, C.A. (2015). Cooperation is in our nature: Nature exporusre may promote cooperative and environmentally sustainable behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 42(6), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.01.005 Open DOI Search in Google Scholar

[57] Zelezny, L.C., Chua, P. P. & Aldrich, C. (2000). New ways of thinking about environmentalism: elaborating on gender differences in environmentalism. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 443–457. Search in Google Scholar

Scientia in educatione

Abstract

References

Downloads

License