Stručná historie definic umělé inteligence: od velké Bomby po Black boxy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14712/23362189.2025.5009Klíčová slova:
umělá inteligence, definice, algoritmy černé skříňky, historie, regulace a etika, kognitivní zkresleníAbstrakt
Studie zkoumá a zdůrazňuje přímý vztah mezi dobovým věděním, paradigmaty, cíli a očekáváními veřejnosti v oblasti umělé inteligence (AI) a jejími definicemi. Pro účely tohoto výzkumu bylo pro rozdělení fází vývoje AI použito analogie k ročním obdobím: jaro až zima AI. Historie AI je zde pokryta pouze v rozsahu nezbytném k poukázání na tento vztah s možností odvození vyplývajících definic. Pro každé období jsou uvedeny příklady definic AI typických pro dané období. Tato historická exkurze je poté použita jako podklad pro úvahy o formě (nikoli obsahu) definice AI, která je vhodná pro současný stav oboru a jeho paradigma, zaměření a použití. Je nastíněna současná diskuse o podobě definice AI v rámci legislativy EU. Forma vhodné definice AI pro současnost je zkoumána z pohledu zainteresovaných aktérů, jako jsou nadnárodní subjekty, obchodní organizace a další zúčastněné strany, a je porovnána s některými již platnými definicemi těchto subjektů. Je poukázáno na paradox v definicích AI, které jsou z určitého hlediska vždy příliš „úzké a zároveň široké“. Nakonec je v rámci koncepční ideace prozkoumána možnost použití fraktální definice s pevným racionálně-morálním jádrem, ale s měnícím se obsahem v závislosti na úrovni, na které je aplikována. Tato operativní fraktální definice by v zásadě mohla vyřešit stále přítomný paradox „širokosti–úzkosti“.
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